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				<p class="content-title">Licensure, Certification & Accreditation</p>
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					<b>LICENSURE</b><br/>
					Licensure is a process wherein a practitioner/ organization has been granted permission to operate when the practitioner/organization have meet the minimum 
					standards to protect public health and safety.
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					For individual practitioners:<br/>
					Licensure is granted in a form of examination or proof of education.  License can be renewed through fee payment, proof of continuing education or professional competence.
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					For organizations:<br/>
					Licensure is granted if they meet the minimum requirement for health and safety standards by undergoing on-site inspection and maintenance of licensure is an on-going 
					requirement for the organization to continue its operations.
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					<b>CERTIFICATION</b><br/>
					Certification is a process wherein a practitioner/organization is evaluated and recognized for meeting pre-determined requirements or criteria by an authorized body.
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					For individual practitioners:<br/>
					Certification is given if the individual has received additional education and training, and his/her competency is beyond the minimum requirement set for licensure.
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					For organizations:<br/>
					Certification is given if the organization has additional services , technology, or capacity compared with similar organizations.
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				<p class="content-title">Health IT Certification</p>
				<p class="paragraph">
					Health IT Certification gives professional training and certification for those responsible in developing and maintaining:
					<ul class="paragraph">
						<li>Electronic health records (EHR)</li>
						<li>health information technology (HIT)</li>
						<li>Health Information Exchanges (HIEs)</li>
						<li>Operating rules administration (ORA)</li>
					</ul>
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				<p class="paragraph">
					Designations of Health IT Certification:
					<ul class="paragraph">
						<li>Certified Professional in Health Information Technology (CPHIT)</li>
						<li>Certified Professional in Electronic Health Records (CPEHR)</li>
						<li>Certified Professional in Health Information Exchange (CPHIE)</li>
						<li>Certified Professional in Operating Rules Administration (CPORA)</li>
					</ul>
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					<b>ACCREDITATION</b><br/>
					Accreditation is a process wherein an organization is recognized for meeting pre-determined and published standards that is designed to encourage continuous 
					improvement efforts. Usually, a non-governmental organization (NGO) does the assessing if an organization choose to participate is set for accreditation and 
					it is done by having an on-site evaluation that is usually conducted every two or three years. 
				</p>
				<p class="paragraph">
					The major purposes of accreditation include the following:
					<ul class="paragraph">
						<li>Improve the quality of health care by establishing optimal achievement goals in meeting standards for health care organizations</li>
						<li>Stimulate and improve the integration and management of health services</li>
						<li>Establish a comparative database of health care organizations able to meet selected structure, process, and outcome standards or criteria</li>
						<li>Reduce health care costs by focusing on increased efficiency and effectiveness of services</li>
						<li>Provide education and consultation to health care organizations, managers, and health professionals on quality improvement strategies and “best practices” 
							in health care</li>
						<li>Strengthen the public’s confidence in the quality of health care</li>
						<li>Reduce risks associated with injury and infections for patients and staff.</li>
					</ul>
				</p>
				<p class="content-title">Joint Commission</p>
				<p class="paragraph">
					Joint Commission is an independent, non-profit organization that accredits and certifies more than 20,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States. 
					A majority of state governments recognize Joint Commission accreditation as a condition of licensure and the receipt of Medicaid reimbursement. The Joint Commission 
					on Accreditation of Hospitals was created in 1951 by merging the Hospital Standardization Program with similar programs run by the American College of Physicians, the 
					American Hospital Association, the American Medical Association, and the Canadian Medical Association. In 1987, the company was renamed the Joint Commission on 
					Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
				</p>
				<p class="paragraph">Accreditation decisions
					<ul class="paragraph">
						<li>Accreditation</li>
						<li>Provisional accreditation</li>
						<li>Conditional accreditation</li>
						<li>Preliminary denial of accreditation</li>
						<li>Denial of accreditation</li>
						<li>Preliminary accreditation</li>
					</ul>
				</p>
				<p class="content-title">National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)</p>
				<p class="paragraph">
					The National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) is a private, non-profit organization that is dedicated in improving health care quality and has been a central 
					figure in improving the health care system and elevating the issue of health care quality to the top of the national agenda. NCQA’s contribution to the health care 
					system is regularly measured in the form of statistics that track the quality of care delivered by the nation’s health plans.  Accredited health plans today face a 
					rigorous set of more than 60 standards and must report on their performance in more than 40 areas in order to earn NCQA’s seal of approval. And even more stringent 
					standards are being developed today. These standards will promote the adoption of strategies that we believe will improve care, enhance service and reduce costs, 
					such as paying providers based on performance, leveraging the Web to give consumers more information, disease management and physician-level measurement.
				</p>
				<p class="content-title">Commission of Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)</p>
				<p class="paragraph">
					The Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) is an international, non-profit organization with a mission of providing accreditation standards 
					and surveyors for organizations working in the human services field worldwide. It represents an alternative to Joint Commission certification. Revenue sources include 
					contributions from the International Advisory Council, which consists of entities being accredited.
				</p>
				<p class="paragraph">
					Among the many areas of practice represented in the CARF standards are:
					<ul class="paragraph">
						<li>aging services</li>
						<li>behavioral health</li>
						<li>child and youth services</li>
						<li>durable medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies  (DMEPOS)</li>
						<li>employment and community services</li>
						<li>medical rehabilitation</li>
						<li>opioid treatment programs</li>
					</ul>
				</p>
				<p class="paragraph">
					Specific benefits that CARF accreditation affords a provider include:
					<ul class="paragraph">
						<li>Assurance to persons seeking services that a provider has demonstrated conformance to internationally accepted standards.</li>
						<li>Improved communication with persons served.</li>
						<li>Person-focused standards that emphasize an integrated and individualized approach to services and outcomes.</li>
						<li>Accountability to funding sources, referral agencies, and the community.</li>
						<li>Management techniques that are efficient, cost-effective, and based on outcomes and consumer satisfaction.</li>
						<li>Evidence to federal, state, provincial, and local governments of commitment to quality of programs and services that receive government funding.</li>
						<li>Guidance for responsible management and professional growth of personnel.</li>
						<li>A tool for marketing programs and services to consumers, referral sources, and third-party funders.</li>
						<li>Support from CARF through consultation, publications, conferences, training opportunities, and newsletters.</li>
					</ul>
				</p>
				<p class="content-title">Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care (AAAHC)</p>
				<p class="paragraph">
					The Accreditation Association for Ambulatory health Care (AAAHC) is a private, non-profit American organization formed in 1979 to accredit ambulatory health care 
					organizations, including ambulatory surgery centers, office-based surgery centers, endoscopy centers, and college student health centers, as well as health plans, 
					such as health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations. AAAHC has been granted "deemed status" to certify ambulatory surgery centers for 
					Medicare by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. In 2009, the AAAHC added the Medical home to the types of organizations that it accredits. It offers 
					on-site surveys for organizations seeking Medical Home accreditation or certification.
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